What Is Parallel Circuit Simple Definition

By | January 20, 2023



When it comes to electricity, a parallel circuit is one of the most commonly used types of circuitry. A parallel circuit is a closed path in which two or more components are connected between two points in such a way that all components receive the same voltage. The current flow in a parallel circuit splits up into separate branches and passes through each component separately, allowing the current to follow multiple paths.

In order to understand the basic principles of a parallel circuit, we need to understand Ohm’s Law. Ohm’s Law states that the voltage (V) across a circuit must remain constant, while the current (I) varies depending on the resistance (R) of each component. Therefore, when the components in a parallel circuit have different resistances, the current will be divided among them according to their individual resistances.

For example, consider a parallel circuit with two components, one with a resistance of 10 ohms (R1) and another with a resistance of 20 ohms (R2). In this case, the current will flow through R1 at a rate of twice that of R2. This is because the total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of the resistances of the two components, which in this case is 30 ohms. Since the total resistance is 30 ohms, the current will divide among the two components in a ratio of 10:20.

The main advantage of a parallel circuit is that it allows current to continue flowing even if one of the components fails. This is because the other components can still provide an alternate path for the current. This means that if one part of the circuit stops functioning, the other parts of the circuit can still maintain the same level of power.

Parallel circuits are also known for their efficiency. Compared to series circuits, which require all components to be in the same line, parallel circuits allow the components to be spread out, resulting in a lower overall resistance. This reduces energy loss, making the circuit more efficient.

One of the most common applications of parallel circuits is in household wiring. Most residential wiring systems involve multiple outlets for various appliances, as well as lighting fixtures, all of which are connected in a parallel circuit. This allows each appliance and light to maintain independent power from the same power source.

Overall, a parallel circuit is a useful and efficient type of circuitry. By understanding the basic principles of Ohm’s Law, and how current is distributed in a parallel circuit, you can use this type of circuit to your advantage. Whether it’s powering your home, or powering a device, a parallel circuit can help you get the job done.


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